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»Ê¹ÚÌåÓýapp guidance about contract settlements at EM6000+ only relates to direct tax. You must never include VAT or VAT penalties in a contract settlement.

You must increase the expected offer, as calculated on a cash basis, to compensate for the extra risk and cost involved in an instalment offer. »Ê¹ÚÌåÓýapp increase is payable under the terms of the contract and is the consideration for the extra time we are allowing for payment.

We normally refer to this increase as forward interest, but you must not confuse this with other statutory interest amounts which are included in the offer, such as under TMA70/S86 for amounts becoming payable on or before 31 October 2011 and Section 101 and Schedule 53 FA 2009 from 31 October 2011.

»Ê¹ÚÌåÓýapp precise method of calculating the forward interest is to add 1% to the current S86 / section 101 and Schedule 53 FA 2009 interest rate and apply this enhanced rate to the progressively reducing balance after each instalment. It is not normally necessary to do this precise calculation because the basic method of applying the enhanced rate for half the period is sufficient where there are equally spaced equal instalments.

For the basic calculation of forward interest, take the total unpaid balance, and apply

• a percentage equal to the current rate of Section 86 interest plus 1%
• for half the total period of payment.

Use the SEES calculator to produce straightforward calculations. This is in SEES>Full Tax Calcs + Settlements>Instalment Offers. When you use the SEES calculator you must print a copy of the calculation and retain this with the letter of offer in the enquiry papers.

You will need to use the precise method for offers involving increasing payments or seasonal variations EM6249. For this, you should calculate the additional forward interest more precisely by

• using the same percentage as for the basic calculation
• but applying it to the reducing balances.

Whichever method is used, the calculation does not have to be made with mathematical precision. It is, however, essential that you retain a clearly marked copy of the calculation with the letter of offer in the case papers. (This content has been withheld because of exemptions in the Freedom of Information Act 2000)

EM8642 covers forward interest in cases where CTA10/S458 and S464B relief is due.

Example of reduction in addition for time granted when instalment offer settled early

»Ê¹ÚÌåÓýapp original instalment offer was over 5 years and the taxpayer wished to settle early after 3 years. »Ê¹ÚÌåÓýapp assumed rate of section 86 interest is 8.5%.

Original offer

Components of original offer	Amount
Lump sum offer	£17,616
Addition for time granted ('forward interest') (£17,616 x 8.5% + 1%)	£4,184
Total	£21,800

»Ê¹ÚÌåÓýapp total amount of £21,800 was to be paid in one instalment of £560 and 59 months of £360.

Calculation of reduction in time to pay amount

Components of offer actually paid by instalments	Amount
Lump sum offer x period expired £17,616 x 3/5	£10,570
Time granted calculation for 3 years £10,570 x 9.5% x 3/2	£1,506
Total	£12,076

Components of end payment portion	Amount
Lump sum offer x period unexpired £17,616 x 2/5	£7,046
Forward interest on complete amount for 3 years £7,046 x 9.5% x 3	£2,008
Total	£9,054

»Ê¹ÚÌåÓýapp revised total amount payable is £21,130. Compared to the original total offer of £21,800, the reduction for early settlement is £670.